screenshot & OCR & copy paste google books & comparison converter image to pdf word onenote evernote

This post is in french & english... Sorry.
Désolé ce post est en français et anglais.

L’OCR, sigles de Optical Character Recognition est une technologie conçue pour analyser la structure de l’image du document et puis diviser le document en caractères, tableaux et images et aussi équations (sur une ligne)... Ensuite, le programme peut reconstituer la mise en page et les éléments en un texte modifiable.

Le convertisseur PDF est également capable de transformer un document PDF en Word, Excel ou d’autres formats éditables. Mais ce genre de logiciel ne permet que de changer le format de fichier sans analyser le contenu du texte ou sans extraire les caractères. Autrement dit, après la conversion de PDF, vous recevez quand même un fichier non modifiable contenant des images.

Ici nous intéressons à la rapidité de traitement lorsque l'on fait une copie d'écran d'un site qui protège le texte (produit du texte visualisable en image, ou comme google books ou les livres/articles en streaming).

If you don’t have a scanner, your phone or a camera can be used in place of one. There are a number of apps in the App Store (iOS mac)  android win GNU/linux that “scan” physical documents into clean PDFs using a phone’s camera.
Evernote's Scannable is just one of several apps that allows you to scan documents with your smart phone (see below).

Comparison of OCR softs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_optical_character_recognition_software

5 best commercial OCR softs

Abby FineReader

v14 windows and only v12 mac 12.1.6 supported macOS 10.12 Sierra (120€)
perpetual licenses
199€ (Convert PDFs and scans; Edit and comment PDFs)
or 299€ (and Compare documents  and Automate conversion 5000pages/month)

FineReader 14 offers new and enhanced features including wide range of PDF editing tools, document comparison feature and even more perceptive OCR for document conversion. Plus, faster performance across the board — from launching app to opening and converting.
PDF editing
Create PDFs from Word, Excel, and other formats
Retain text styles when exporting to Word
Single-line math formulas support
https://www.abbyy.com/en-eu/finereader/whats-new/comparison-charts/

10€ for this small utilities
https://www.abbyy.com/fr-fr/screenshot-reader/
and alternatives http://alternator.link/software/abbyy-screenshot-reader

ABBYY Real-Time Recognition SDK for mobile apps.
Extracting text directly from the smartphone’s preview screen is significantly faster and more convenient than taking a picture of the text followed by an OCR step

ABBYY Mobile Imaging SDK
The toolkit to analyze photos of documents captured with mobile devices to determine whether they are suitable for OCR or enhance their visual quality.

PDFELEMENT

59€
mac/PC
Autre point fort de l’outil, il est capable de rendre les formulaires numérisés modifiables et d’exporter les données numérisées au format CSV.

http://www.leptidigital.fr/technologie/logiciels-ocr-8915/

Omnipage

Omnipage 18 windows XP to 10
99€
educ: 69€

SDK win, linux, mac
http://www.nuance.fr/for-business/by-product/omnipage/for-developers/index.htm
http://www.nuance.fr/for-business/by-product/omnipage/for-developers/csdk-for-mac/index.htm

Readiris

Readiris 16
99€
mac/pc/iOS
OSX 10.9, 10.10,10.11 and 10.12
http://www.irislink.com/EN-US/c1466/Readiris-16-for-Macintosh---OCR-Software.aspx

Create indexed PDF files
This format is identical to the original PDF file except that it adds a layer of indexed text. This means you can easily search for the information you need in a document or a large volume of archived documents.
SDK
http://www.irislink.com/EN-US/c1096/iDRS-15.aspx

Skysoft PDF Editor 6 Professional for Mac or Win

commercial 99€
https://pdf.iskysoft.com/6std-vs-6pro.html

Renee PDF

par un français et gratuit mais que windows et pas open source

https://www.reneelab.fr/product-land-337.html

Ref

https://pdf.wondershare.fr/pdf-editing-tips/pdf-ocr-software.html

Prise de note, de scan, de photo et OCR limité

Greenshot

free soft and open source 

only windows

http://getgreenshot.org/
Greenshot is a light-weight screenshot software tool for Windows with the following key features:

Quickly create screenshots of a selected region, window or fullscreen; you can even capture complete (scrolling) web pages from Internet Explorer.
Easily annotate, highlight or obfuscate parts of the screenshot.
Export the screenshot in various ways: save to file, send to printer, copy to clipboard, attach to e-mail, send Office programs or upload to photo sites like Flickr or Picasa, and others.
...and a lot more options simplyfying creation of and work with screenshots every day.

Being easy to understand and configurable, Greenshot is an efficient tool for project managers, software developers, technical writers, testers and anyone else creating screenshots.

Screenshot to Speech

6€
http://macgenius.co/app/Screenshot-to-Speech/955098738
Poor OCR recognition

picatext

osx 10.12
4€
You need to get the text out of an image or from anywhere on your screen? With picatext this is as easy as selecting a file or a screen area. So now you can get the text you need in almost no time. No need to tediously typewrite everything again.
picatext is OCR made simple. We included just the functionality you need. Nothing that might distract you. That helps focusing on the important things and saves you a lot of time.
These are the awesome features of picatext:
- get text from images
- extract text from your screen
- supports the recognition of over 40 languages
- start screen selection by shortcut
- text gets copied to clipboard automatically
- set the font of the output text
http://www.macdrifter.com/2013/10/picatext-for-image-ocr-on-mac.html

Prizmo

50€
https://computers.tutsplus.com/tutorials/5-ways-to-ocr-documents-on-your-mac--mac-49683
https://creaceed.com/prizmo
https://itunes.apple.com/app/id546392952
Prizmo is a dedicated OCR app. It isn’t designed to help you crop or straighten your scanned documents, it’s sole purpose is to analyse the text of any scans and convert it into searchable text. It’s not just limited to plain text documents such as receipts and correspondence, Prizmo will even analyse old newspapers and magazines, book covers, pretty much anything with any shape, size and colour of text is something Prizmo will convert.
Prizmo includes the ability to capture scans directly from Image Capture, OS X’s built-in camera and scanner import app, so you can use it in conjunction with any existing scanner. You can also import existing files if you’ve been scanning them already.

Skim Clip

very good software.
It's the best for screenshot and built-in OCR.
http://www.domloveskim.com/software/skim-clip/#download
http://kimlovingnews.blogspot.fr/2012/08/skim-clip-11-headed-to-mac-app-store.html (the last post=dec 2012).
https://maczot.com/discuss/2012/11/23/skim-clip1353651425/

oldies dec 2012; shareware 10$. only MAC >10.6. Works on sierra 10.12.
The trial version is limited to 10 minutes of use at a time and has a 10 second delay at start up.

It uses tesseract (which support for a number of new image formats was added using the Leptonica library http://www.leptonica.com/). Leptonica is a pedagogically-oriented open source site containing software that is broadly useful for image processing and image analysis applications.

In addition to the freeform selection, we've added (v 1.1) a few more features such as playing a sound when clipping, an option to remove all headers from the exported output, and the ability to use a script to filter the OCR text before it is saved as a clipping. This last feature, filtering, is particularly interesting because it opens up many work flow possibilities as you may apply your understanding of UNIX and scripting tools like sed (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sed) and Perl to perform all kinds of creative transformations and processing on the scanned text.

Skim Clip is a unique new utility for OS X that combines Optical Character Recognition (OCR) with screen capture features to create a powerful and convenient new way of saving and organizing your information.
Using Skim Clip, you can capture the contents of any window, scan and save all its text including words in images, and store it into organized categories - all with a single keypress.
With the clipping converted into scanned computer text, you can instantly search thousands of clippings to find what you're looking for. Like a photographic memory with a search engine, Skim Clip makes it easy to keep, find, and reuse anything that's ever on your screen!

Features (v 1.0) include:
* Instantly clip with a single hot key from any application
* Fast and accurate OCR text conversion of any screen
* Scales to easily manage thousands of clippings
* Very quickly search OCR text, notes, and more
* Reuse your clipping by emailing, saving, and pasting them
* Present your clippings with slideshows and quicklook
* Create clipping categories and subcategories
* Export dozens of clippings in a single click
* Browse your clippings as thumbs or a listing
* Get visual feedback and categorize anywhere with the status menu
* Set your own hot key, export style, and more
* Automated custom scanned text processing
* Integrate Skim Clip into your workflow with AppleScript
* Double tap the hot key to instantly add a note for extra convenience
* Elegant interface to help keep your clips organized
* Keep focused on your work with Skim Clip always ready
* Optimized OCR for English with support for other languages

Version 1.1:
Clip anywhere on the screen by holding the clip hot key for freeform selection
Custom filtering of scanned text for advanced processing
Automate clipping with AppleScript
Improved image processing for better accuracy
Sound effect when clipping
Option to remove headers when exporting
Increased mail export compatibility
Plain text...

We've been invited to share the following comments from one Jim Miller, author of the well-regarded Rabbi Hawkins Mystery Series. Here's what Mr. Miller has to say about Skim Clip:

Skim Clip is amazing. I’m usually disappointed by Apps that claim to do everything, including saving the world, and then do nothing at all. That is not the case with Skim Clip. It does exactly what the developer says it will do. It is a screen capture and OCR combo that works.
Another plus for this program is the obvious time and effort that has gone into making the user manual simple and easy to understand. I was able to walk through the step-by-step instructions and capture a variety of screen shots. I do a lot of screen shots with the Mac’s commands, but they all end up as jpegs. With Skim Slip, I get the jpeg and if I choose, I can convert it into text and then insert it into Word, Pages and Scrivener very easily.
This is a timesaver I love. I used to cut and paste a captured image into a word processor or have it up on the screen so that I could then type the content into some other program just to make it useable. Not anymore. With Skim Clip, it’s all done for me.
Many thanks to Dominic and Kimberly,  (DomLovesKim Company)

Jim Miller
http://kimlovingnews.blogspot.fr/2012/10/from-author-using-skim-clip.html

Only for Intel, 64-bit processor, Mac OS X 10.6 or later, 64-bit processor

put the text OCR in the copy-buffer.

I try this soft on MAC 10.12.5 on chrome and others browsers :  it's the fastest.

Some minor pb with OCR when characters are tiny, just expand your window or try increasing your application's font size.
If you want another soft (but also oldies 2013), use PDF OCR X Community Edition (it also uses this Tesseract code) is a simple drag-and-drop utility for Mac OS X and Windows, that converts your PDFs and images into text documents or searchable PDF files. You must save the screenshot to a file (img) and drag-and-drop to it and copy the text. Then Skim Clip is faster and far better.

LEADTOOLS OCR App Review and SDK

iOS and android
https://www.leadtools.com/blog/document-imaging/leadtools-ocr-app-review/

OneNote

use Microsoft OneNote's built-in OCR functionality (free for Windows/Mac) ; it's in Pack Office.

menu
copy img
(right clics) copy picture to text

https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/57418/how-can-i-copy-paste-segments-from-google-books
In OneNote, users can enter typed text via keyboard, create tables, and insert pictures. However, unlike a word processor, users can write anywhere on a virtually unbounded document window by just clicking there. Also, users do not need to explicitly save their work – OneNote saves data automatically as the user works.
Microsoft also announced a number of new features in OneNote that use the service API:
OneNote Clipper: A browser bookmarklet that uses the OneNote service API and enables users to save a screenshot of a webpage to OneNote along with the link. The text in the screenshot is made searchable using Optical Character Recognition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_OneNote

Evernote

As well as the keyboard entry of typed notes, Evernote supports image capture from cameras on supported devices, and the recording of voice notes. In some situations, text that appears in captured images can be recognized using OCR and annotated. Evernote also supports touch and tablet screens with handwriting recognition. Evernote web-clipping plugins are available for the most popular Internet browsers that allow marked sections of webpages to be captured and clipped to Evernote. If no section of a webpage has been highlighted, Evernote can clip the full page. 

Where suitable hardware is available, Evernote can automatically add geolocation tags to notes.

In 2010, the coding language for the suite was changed from C# for version 3.5 to C++ in version 4.0 to improve performance.
On supported operating systems, Evernote allows users to store and edit notes on their local machine, using a SQLite database in Windows.

The Evernote software can be downloaded and used as "stand-alone" software without using the online portion of an Evernote account (online registration is required for initial setup, however), but it will not be able to upload files to the Evernote server, or use the server to synchronize or share files between different Evernote installations. Also, no image or Image-PDF (Premium only) recognition and indexing will take place if the software is used entirely offline.

In June 2016, Evernote announced the limitation for users of its free Basic account to two devices per year and raise prices for its premium service tiers.Non-paying Evernote user is able to sync notes between two devices.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evernote

https://evernote.com/intl/fr/

https://help.evernote.com/hc/fr

Evernote does OCR images so they're searchable,  but the text is not extractable from the image.  OneNote is better for that specific use case - the text (or the best approximation of it) is available in a separate window to be copied and pasted elsewhere.  Voice to text is part of Evernote,  though you'd need to use one of the specialist pen inputs if you want to choose specific parts of the text to hear again.
in fact no OCR (may be with premium and for some specific img (buz card)).

Evernote with other apps:

Skitch is a free screenshot editing and sharing utility for OS X (iOS, Windows, and Android). The app permits the user to add shapes and text to an image, and then share it online. Images can also be exported to various image formats. Originally developed by Plasq, Skitch was acquired by Evernote on August 18, 2011. On December 17, 2015, Evernote announced that it will be ending support for Skitch for Windows, Windows Touch, iOS, and Android on January 22, 2016. Evernote said it will continue to offer Skitch for Mac and  iPad iPhone.
https://evernote.com/intl/fr/products/skitch

8 choices:

1. Capture Viseur 
2. Zone de capture précédente
3. Capture viseur différé 
4. Capture plein écran 
5. Capture fenêtre... 
6. Capture menu...
7. Capture avec |'appareil photo... 
8. Ouvrir une Image ou un PDF...

Scannable
If you're a die-hard Evernote user, Scannable may be the best option for you...assuming you use an iOS device, that is. Scannable on the iPhone and iPad allows you to instantly scan business cards, sketches, receipts, paper documents, and even multi-page documents with ease, and automatically file and organize the resulting images and files in your Evernote account. Your scans are automatically cropped to remove backgrounds (like the table behind the recipt, for example) and enhanced so the text is readable. If you scan a business card, the contact information from the card is automatically lifted and added to a contact card, so you can call the person, email them, or visit their website or social presence with a single tap. It's relatively new, and while it works best with Evernote, it also allows you to share your resulting scan with other apps on your iOS device, so you can upload it to Dropbox, email it, or save it to your camera roll. Best of all, it's completely and totally free—no unlocks, no premium version, although it definitely works best if you also use Evernote.
It is the business card wingman that knows the card is significant only because of the information it holds. While the paper is trivial, its words are full of potential. Once you connect to Evernote and LinkedIn, Scannable immediately digitizes every business card you scan. It takes that information and adds in details from your contact’s LinkedIn profile, including a photo, so you’ll always be able to put a face to the name. Instantly save the person to your contact list and feel free to ditch the paper entirely (we won’t tell anyone).

Scannable captures the paper in your life quickly and beautifully, transforming it into high-quality scans ready to save or share. Whether on the go or at the office, send paper on its way and move on.
Evernote's Scannable is just one of several apps that allows you to scan documents with your smart phone.

https://evernote.com/intl/fr/products/scannable/

https://evernote.com/intl/en/products/scannable/

https://blog.evernote.com/blog/2015/01/08/scannable-new-mobile-scanning-app-evernote/

only for iPad & iPhone.

penultimate
Penultimate is the award-winning digital handwriting app for iPad that combines the natural experience of pen and paper with power of Evernote’s sync and search features. Lose the paper, keep the handwriting.
only for ipad
https://evernote.com/intl/en/products/penultimate

Evernote Web Clipper
Save webpages forever
From interests to research, save anything you see online—including text, links, and images—into your Evernote account with a single click.
plug-in for many browsers
https://evernote.com/intl/en/products/webclipper

evernote inc  and github
https://github.com/evernote

 Evernote and OneNote

comparison between 

https://www.onenote.com/import-evernote-to-onenote

Google OCR and drive

Google Drive includes a little-known free OCR tool that is a powerful, easy to use image to text converter.

Google Drive currently supports OCR for .jpg, .gif, .png, and PDF files up to 2MB in size

To add your documents to Google Drive to get them OCRed, first go in to your Google Drive account. On the My Drive page, click the My Drive button next to the New button on the left side of the page. Select Upload Files.

Use the Upload files option to upload a file to Google Drive. Find the file that you want to convert from PDF or image to text. Click the Open button. 

The document now appears in your Google Drive. Right-click on the document to bring up a drop-down menu.

Click the Open with option and click Google Docs. A sheet icon appears while the file is downloading. Google is now in the process of converting your PDF or image file to text with OCR.

The file will open in Google Docs with the PDF converted to text, but with little formatting applied. You can now edit and format the new text file as you like.

You will get:

Tutorial:

https://business.tutsplus.com/tutorials/how-to-ocr-documents-for-free-in-google-drive--cms-20460

Free and Open soft

https://turtlapp.com/docs/
no OCR

Free Open source OCR

Comparison of the 3 open source OCR

https://pdf.iskysoft.com/ocr-pdf/open-source-ocr.html

Tesseract 

Tesseract has unicode (UTF-8) support, and can recognize more than 100 languages "out of the box".

Tesseract supports various output formats: plain-text, hocr(html), pdf, tsv, invisible-text-only pdf.

You should note that in many cases, in order to get better OCR results, you'll need to improve the quality of the image you are giving Tesseract.

https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tesseract/wiki/ImproveQuality

Tesseract does various image processing operations internally (using the Leptonica library) before doing the actual OCR. It generally does a very good job of this, but there will inevitably be cases where it isn't good enough, which can result in a significant reduction in accuracy.

https://github.com/tesseract-ocr

https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tesseract

Installing Tesseract

You can either Install Tesseract via pre-built binary package or build it from source.

https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tesseract/wiki

Supported Compilers are:

• GCC 4.8 and above
• Clang 3.4 and above
• MSVC 2015, 2017

The Tesseract engine was originally developed as proprietary software at Hewlett Packard labs in Bristol, England and Greeley, Colorado between 1985 and 1994, with some more changes made in 1996 to port to Windows, and some migration from C to C++ in 1998. A lot of the code was written in C, and then some more was written in C++. Since then all the code has been converted to at least compile with a C++ compiler. Very little work was done in the following decade. It was then released as open source in 2005 by Hewlett Packard and the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). Tesseract development has been "sponsored" by Google since 2006.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesseract_(software)
Tesseract is executed from the command-line interface.
Basic command line usage:
tesseract imagename outputbase [-l lang] [--oem ocrenginemode] [--psm pagesegmode] [configfiles...]
For more information about the various command line options use tesseract --help or man tesseract.
GUIs and Other Projects using Tesseract OCR
While Tesseract is not supplied with a GUI, there are many separate projects which provide a GUI for it. One notable example is OCRFeeder (end 2014).
https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tesseract/wiki/User-Projects-%E2%80%93-3rdParty

PDF OCR X (uses this Tesseract code) is a simple drag-and-drop utility for Mac OS X and Windows, that converts your PDFs and images into text documents or searchable PDF files. It uses advanced OCR (optical character recognition) technology to extract the text of the PDF even if that text is contained in an image. This is particularly useful for dealing with PDFs that were created via a Scan-to-PDF function in a scanner or photo copier.
mac/win
0€=Limited to single-page images and PDFs (pro=29€ for unlimited pdf size)
http://solutions.weblite.ca/pdfocrx/

other projects with tesseract code

• Online OCR services
• Android/iOS
• ocr-fileformat is a converter: Validate and transform between OCR file formats (hOCR, ALTO, PAGE, FineReader)
• Audiveris is an open-source Optical Music Recognition software which processes the image of a music sheet to automatically provide symbolic music information in MusicXML standard.
• Wolfram Mathematica 9.0 use tesseract for recognizing text
• OCRmyPDF - Adds OCR text layer to scanned PDF files and images, allowing them to be searched. Processes pages in parallel on multi-core CPUs. Keeps exact resolution of original embedded images without recompressing JPEGs, when possible. Includes image several preprocessing options, detailed documentation, and support for many exotic PDFs.
• Tally-Ho: Tally-Ho is a screen reader intended for sites like google books
  https://code.google.com/archive/p/tallyho/
  Tally-Ho is a screen reader intended for sites like google books (though it will also read anything copied to the clipboard). google books is a great site, especially if you're a Ph.D. student - however, for people who are visually impaired or dyslectic (or, like my gf, both...), it is quite inaccessible. Tally-Ho uses the Tesseract OCR engine (thanks google!) to convert the screen capture to text, so it can read graphic based sites such as google books. tested on windows xp sp2 w/at&t natural voices & vista w/microsoft
  End of dvpment 2008
• IMPACT is a project funded by the European Commission. It aims to significantly improve access to historical text and to take away the barriers that stand in the way of the mass digitisation of the European cultural heritage. END = 2012 and other forks...
  http://www.impact-project.eu/
• MathOCR Features mathematical formula recognition and logical layout analysis, can use OCR engines like Tesseract or Ocrad as back-end. https://github.com/chungkwong/MathOCR
  END=2015.

GOCR

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOCR

END=2013

Cuneiform

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CuneiForm_(software)
END=2011

web services OCR

http://alternativeto.net/software/online-ocr/?license=free

HDR high dynamic range, problem avantages and photo, raw, DRO, video, game, science, computer, screen, camera, web platform, understanding SONY auto-HDR

Intro

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-dynamic-range_imaging

I will focus on the example of the Sony alpha 77 and 65 (the first with built-in auto-HDR).

Tone mapping

The method of rendering an HDR image to a standard monitor or printing device is called tone mapping. This method reduces the overall contrast of an HDR image to facilitate display on devices or printouts with lower dynamic range (LDR), and can be applied to produce images with preserved local contrast (or exaggerated for artistic effect).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_mapping

The main problem is the dynamic ranges of common devices:

Dynamic ranges of common devices

Device	Stops	Contrast
LCD	9.5	700:1 (250:1 – 1750:1)
Negative film (Kodak VISION3)	13	8000:1
Human eye (static)	10–14	1000:1 – 15000:1
High-end DSLR camera	14.8	28500:1
Human eye (dynamic)	20	1000000:1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-dynamic-range_imaging

In our case (camera), the CMOS sensor and its electronic is limited. For example:

The dynamic range is typically limited by the readout process of the CMOS imager pixel. Techniques have been developed in the past to cope with this, usually by non-linear compression of the signal.
ams Sensors Belgium developed a new CMOS image sensor pixels that allows readout of a photodiode with a wide dynamic range, which maintains a linear response to light. After exposure, the photodiode is read out via two transfer gates to two sense nodes. Two signals are then read from each pixel. The first signal only reads charge transferred to the first sense node, with maximal gain. This sample is used for small charge packets and is read with with low read noise. The second sample reads the total charge transferred to both sense nodes, with a lower gain. Pixels with a read noise of 3.3 electrons and a full well charge of 100,000 electrons have been demonstrated, resulting in a linear dynamic range of 90 dB.

http://www.cmosis.com/technology/technology_overview/high_dynamic_range_pixels

DRO, auto-HDR, Raw

In fact you have 5 possibilities:

• DRO (how DRO works: https://www.dpreview.com/articles/3798759501/apical)
• auto-HDR
• shooting a bracket 3-5 exposures (well within the camera's reach) and RAW then doing the HDR work on the computer (function "Merge to HDR"),
• research domain with you own software (macro photo, fluorescent photo, photo with very high contrast, 3D photo)
• one Raw and manual or semi-automatic processing with specialized software (raw converters):

• lightroom, 
• https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darktable, 
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiKam, 
• http://rawtherapee.com/, 
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LightZone, 
• https://www.hdrsoft.com/, 
• https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DxO_OpticsPro, 
• http://alternativeto.net/software/photomatix-pro/

see Merged HDR with many Preset
https://www.hdrsoft.com/

HDR auto from Sony

in french: Le mode HDR automatique des Sony Alpha 450, 500 et 550 (2010)
http://www.alpha-numerique.fr/index.php/technique/elements-techniques/426-le-mode-hdr-automatique-des-sony-alpha-450-500-et-550

Auto HDR of alpha 65 and 77 (2012)
http://blog.william-porter.net/2012/01/sony-a77-expanding-dynamic-range-with.html
This excellent post shows the difference of DRO, HDR, and raw.
The best is to select HDR with you own contrast decision.

In-camera HDR ("high dynamic range") is a different way to solve the problem. Like on-the-computer HDR, in-camera HDR starts with several different exposures of the same scene, then combines them into a single output file in which the well-exposed bright areas from one shot have been combined with the best-exposed dark areas from another, and the composite file has been adjusted to make things look natural. Sony's programmers have written programs that seem to do a very good job — sometimes — of combining the exposures. But a key factor in getting good results, is providing the processor with good source images. The new fixed-mirror (SLT) cameras from Sony are especially well suited to gathering the multiple exposures because, lacking a moving mirror, these cameras can take more shots per second than their traditional reflex (moving) mirror competitors.

Raw file, unprocessed. and clipping region  (no contrast)

The red is where the scene is brighter than the camera could capture (with these settings) 

and the blue is where the scene is too dark for the camera (with these settings) to retain detail.

It's when you turn on Lightroom's "show clipping" feature.

 Raw file, unprocessed.

 Sony auto-HDR

The HDR AUTO has preserved detail outside well 

but surrendered detail in the shadows.

It's the choice of Sony's programmers.

 Sony auto-HDR 

with knowing that the dynamic range of this scene 

was fairly extreme, I set HDR to its max (6 EV). 

The raw data file has a lot more latitude than a jpeg. To compare what I can get from the raw file with what Sony's in-camera DRO and HDR offer, I reshot the scene, saved the raw file, and processed it myself in Lightroom or other software.
I used an adjustment brush to bring the bright areas (the windows) down 1.5 stops, and a separate brush to bring the shadow areas up 1.5 stops. Even so, the result was pretty good. See the original RAW file at the beginning.

Morever, because in-camera HDR takes multiple exposures and then processes them, achieving a single HDR result in the camera takes about five or six seconds. And you simply can't use it if anything in the scene is moving quickly. Finally, the A65 or A77's processor saves the HDR file as a jpeg, by necessity. The HDR file is a composite, a processed result. There is no raw original of the HDR result.

And if you really want to hedge your bets, shoot RAW + JPEG with DRO AUTO enabled. You may find that the raw file is badly exposed but the jpeg is usable and you won't have to fuss with the raw file on the computer.

 sony auto-DRO

sony DRO LV5;
Sensing that there was at least a five to six stop gap between the darks
and the lights here, I then changed the DRO setting from Auto to "Lv5".

 The feature is called "Auto HDR" and it has seven possible options: levels 1-6 plus an option called, confusingly, "auto." Sounds tautological to say "put the Auto HDR feature on auto," but it's not.

But a word or two further about raw might be pertinent here.

There is never a question about shooting raw or not. We all shoot raw always, willy nilly. Raw is how the camera works. The question is simply, where does the raw data get processed? Your choices are

• (a) let the little processor with the no-choice software in your camera do it and hope you're happy with the results, because you lose the chance to do it over; or 
• (b) keep the raw data, then process and reprocess as many times you like on a full-blown computer, using as many different raw converters as you like or as many different programs as you can afford. If you put it this way, it's not hard to see that, if you really need to get it right, you're better off shooting raw and shooting a bracket 3-5 exposures (well within the camera's reach) then doing the HDR work on the computer.

That said, while in-camera HDR might not produce the best results possible, I will readily admit that is that its results are pretty darned good. I'm still not quite sold, but I do acknowledge that Sony's done a tremendous job here and with MFNR multi frame noise reduction.
HDR image has less noise in the shadows.
One of the downsides to shooting and processing HDR in-camera is that you have no control over the tone-curve applied. 

See also

https://www.dpreview.com/reviews/sonyslta77/12
https://www.dpreview.com/reviews/sonynexc3/7
The Complete Guide to Sony's Alpha 65 and 77 SLT Cameras B&W Edition Volume II:
https://books.google.fr/books?id=R_mWAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA456&lpg=PA456&dq=HDR+automatic+Sony+Alpha+65&source=bl&ots=-ajGH13gZg&sig=UkvJtQ1KE5laUZ7vKgPGtd0KTcc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiap-Gw4o3VAhWBB8AKHVuzAmIQ6AEIYjAJ#v=onepage&q=HDR%20automatic%20Sony%20Alpha%2065&f=false

Process

The 'HDR' mode can be set to Auto, or can be manually set from 1 stop to 6 stops EV. This is the mode that takes 3 frames quickly, and merges them together in camera to deliver a single HDR merged photo.

This is different than bracketing, and manually taking your own set of photos to merge in software after the fact, which is what most other folks on the web are talking about. For this, you need to see what the maximum bracketing range is for the camera in the exposure bracketing mode...with most Sony cameras, it is indeed only + -0.7 EV. The A77 being an exception. Also of note: you don't HAVE to use bracketing mode to take manual HDR exposures to blend - if you set up the camera on a tripod and take a series of photos where you manually adjust the exposure by a stop or two at a time, you can take any EV range you want and any number of photos you want - bracketing is what people use when they are trying to eliminate motion blur between a series of shots from handheld action, as it takes 3 photos relatively quickly. Sony's HDR mode does the same, but also does the blending of the HDR in the camera so the output is a single, final HDR photo.

Page 129 of the A65 Handbook states, You cannot use the Auto HDR function on RAW images. And, when the exposure mode is set to

• AUTO, 
• AUTO+, 
• Sweep Panaroma, 
• 3D Sweep Panaroma, 
• Continuous Advance Priority AE 
• Scent Selection, 
• when Multi Frame Noise Reduct. is selected...

you cannot select Auto HDR.

I think that the delay between the 3 photos is around 150ms (frequency 1.6 Hz; or "speed process"=1/6.6), "speed of all the shooting process"=1/3.3) then be careful when you have a moving part in your photo. The sound between the 3 photos indicates this tempo...
After the computer processing is around 5s and your camera is blocked.

JPEG, RAW and high iso.

http://www.photographyblog.com/reviews/sony_a65_review/image_quality/

List of all cameras and Auto Exposure Bracketing option

Auto Exposure Bracketing Settings by Camera Model
list of all cameras
https://www.hdrsoft.com/resources/aeb.html
Camera Model Auto-bracketed frames Max EV step increment Max EV range in AEB Max burst rate
Sony Alpha A65 3 0.7 1.4 10 fps
Sony Alpha A77 3 or 5 3 (3 frames), 0.7 (5 frames) 6 12 fps

Many digital cameras include an Auto Exposure Bracketing (AEB) option. When AEB is selected, the camera automatically takes three or more shots, each at a different exposure.
Auto Exposure Bracketing is very useful for capturing high contrast scenes for HDR. However, AEB wasn't intended for HDR initially, but for ensuring that one of the shots taken is correctly exposed. This means that some camera models only offer a maximum of 1 EV spacing, or even less, in just three auto bracketed shots.
Unfortunately, three shots spaced by one EV are often not sufficient for capturing high contrast scenes.

Very large List of Freely Available Programming Books : List of Free Learning Resources in GitHub also for LaTeX. English/Français.

This list initially was a clone of stackoverflow - List of Freely Available Programming Books by George Stocker. Now updated, with dead links gone and new content.

Moved to GitHub for collaborative updating.

English

https://github.com/vhf/free-programming-books/blob/master/free-programming-books.md

En français

https://github.com/vhf/free-programming-books/blob/master/free-programming-books-fr.md

Ref.

https://github.com/vhf/free-programming-books

the best tool for publishing a photo on a blog, blogger blogspot: google drawings. ScreenShots and blogging on google blogger blogspot (5 best tools).

If you are regularly blogging, you will encounter a lot of images and sometimes, you want to change these images.

As many blog platform (CMS) the blog editor with the usual features, including WYSIWYG editing, image "editing" is not sufficient.

The best solution: you will need a screenshot application and the use of google drawings.

Use a screnshot app (with automatic copy in your clipboard in jpg or png. jpg is better).
Go to you drive.
Select Google drive and drawing.
Google drawing is a very good web service.
Name your drawing if you want (up right, "Untitled drawing");
Paste
You can rotate, crop...
Explore menu: you can change color brigthness...
And also you can change the mask...

Menu File->Publish to the web
select small size.
copy the link.

go to you blogger and "add image" and copy URL.
All it takes to create a totally-customized .png or .jpeg image with a transparent background:

Use a background color or find free textures (insert image->select search) or http://www.texturepalace.com/) to use for the background. Go to Insert > Image to upload the texture file. Resize the texture to fit the background. You can also set a background color (Right Click > Background).

If you will change your file, it will be dynamic.
The drawing is inserted as an image, but it continues to be editable (only in google drawings) after you add it to the document. Google uses SVG in Firefox, Opera, Chrome and other browsers that support it and VML in Internet Explorer, so you don't need third-party plug-ins. 

You have a lot of sharing possibilities (change the file or comment...) ->revision history...
It is a real-time collaborative application.
All your drawings are automatically saved and stored in Google Drive. Access them wherever you go, from any device.
You can also use chrome extension:
https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/google-drawings/mkaakpdehdafacodkgkpghoibnmamcme
--> Google drawings works offline.

file .gdraw
http://www.file-extensions.org/google-drawings-file-extensions
A .gdraw file contains web link to a drawing created and saved in Google Drive. These files do not contain the actual drawing just encoded URL link.
These files are typically found in your Google Drive folder that is synchronized with the service. Opening it results in launching Google Drive in your Web browser so you can edit the drawing.
Google drawing can import and export jpeg, png and SVG files.

While more sophisticated apps exist, this one is very durable, fast, doesn't lag, saves, shares, reloads clean. One user wanted ability to add user-shaped arrows etc. Free fonts abound online, a good assortment for charting.

But it does not work with the function "blogspot.fr/view/flipcard"!!!!

In order to select the size and to use flipcard option,
use your screenshot apps when you have finished your drawings
(You loose the dynamic view).

-------------

Desktop Blog Editors 

8 Desktop Blog Editors To Make Your Blogging Faster
https://www.blogmarketingacademy.com/desktop-blog-editors/
------------

Screenshots

Screenshot apps

• Save images in multiple formats
• Take screenshots of specific resolution
• Annotations (Arrows, Highlight, Tags, Blue, Text)
• Easy Share to cloud services
• Fast Loading and Lightweight
• Full-Screen Capture (For Long Web Pages)
• Screen Recording, excellent high-quality tools to capture screenshots
• Support for shortcut keys
• Basic Image Editing Features like cropping, rotating, etc.

mac:

InstantShot! (freeware)

It creates an icon in the menu bar. Clicking on the icon, a small menu will appear. Select the capture type from the menu (whole screen, a portion of screen, timed screenshot or multiple captures) or, if you want to change the save format, select the desired one from the submenus and then... capture!
http://projects.digitalwaters.net/instantshot.html

Very fast but no editor's functions and no contextual name of the file.

Skitch (freeware)

https://evernote.com/skitch/
You must drag to save a file.
Editor is OK. Link with evernote (free evernote cloud site (only 60MB)).
Mobile App is also available (Android/iOS)

Windows:

picpick

http://ngwin.com/picpick
editor: OK

Open source:
https://getsharex.com/features/

Linux

http://shutter-project.org/

Browser

Nimbus Screenshot (Chrome and Firefox Plugin)

Image Editing Features are pretty basic.

Awesome Screenshot

Capture, Annotate and Share

http://www.awesomescreenshot.com/

and web Free Photo Editing Tools like PicMonkey, BeFunky,


PS:
https://fonts.google.com/

the end of desktop apps (picasa, Windows Photo Gallery). Choose a free app (with open source), freeware? Example of image organizer, photo editor and photo sharing service.

Microsoft announced that Windows Photo Gallery will no longer be supported or be made for download after January 10, 2017.
Google announced that Picasa will no longer be supported or be made for download after March 15, 2016.
They said "focusing on the cloud-based Google Photos or one drive"...
----
We still need a desktop image organizer & photo editor with touch-up abilities (not strictly viewers).

A comparison:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_organizer
http://www.photosorting.com/

few image organizers with photo edition by build-in features.

Some desktop image softwares (open source and cross-platform):

-https://www.digikam.org/

• free and open source (and binaries for windows, macOSX, linux, unix)
• decorate is too simple (insert text with only some rotations 90°,180°),
• no manual corrections (as local blur)

-https://krita.org/en/download/krita-desktop/

• Krita is a free and open source painting tool designed for concept artists, illustrators, matte and texture artists, and the VFX industry. 
• binaries for windows, macOSX, linux

-http://nomacs.org/
nomacs is a free, open source image viewer, which supports multiple platforms (mac (with mac port), linux windows).It is able to browse images in zip or MS Office files which can be extracted to a directory.
if you are frequently using Matlab and you want the image sync functionality of nomacs, you can download this Matlab script and add it to your Matlab folder. Matlab images can then be displayed by typing:
>> nomacs(myImg, []);
BAD: editing an image is too poor.

freeware windows and MAC)

JetPhoto Studio 
http://www.jetphotosoft.com/web/home/
Good: Users can review photos on a map showing the locations where each shot was taken. JetPhoto matches digital photos with time-synchronized GPS tracks to locate photos automatically.
Present photos on Google Earth and Google Maps
Now launch 'Google Earth' which displays the locations of all these GPS-located photos or package both the photo files and GPS tracks into one KMZ file that can be shared easily and opened with Google Earth anytime later!

JetPhoto Studio also gives you the ability to easily generate a web gallery and link all your GPS located photos on a Google Map!

Uses Google Maps API v3.

http://www.jetphotosoft.com/gmap/demo_list.gmap/
http://www.jetphotosoft.com/gmap/demo_jpstudio5.gmap/

BAD: editing an image is too poor.

freeware  (windows)

the best:
http://www.irfanview.com/
Only windows, fast program, some plugins
also:
-http://www.faststone.org/FSViewerDetail.htm

-http://www.xnview.com/en/xnviewmp/
Multi-Platform, organiser, media browser, viewer,
the program is an excellent viewer but almost useless for photo sorting
no manual correction, no text tool...

Ref:
https://www.netdiggers.com/picasa-alternatives/
https://www.cnet.com/how-to/comparing-the-best-ways-to-store-your-photos-online/
https://www.cloudswave.com/socia-media/s/flickr-pro/compare/phanfare-vs-smugmug-premium-vs-zenfolio/
https://blogs.esri.com/esri/arcgis/2016/09/13/story-maps-and-picasa/
http://www.idownloadblog.com/2016/01/16/best-cloud-photo-storage-iphone/

--------------

Online w/ App

-https://pixlr.com/
only photo editor,
and desktop apps:
multi-platform (windows, mac, mobile ios android,web app).

-http://www.sumopaint.com/
web app

https://www.befunky.com/
3 web apps

https://www.picmonkey.com/
4 web apps

https://picsart.com/
iOS, Android, and Windows and web app.

-------
freeware/shareware
http://www.picajet.com/en/index.php?page=features


PS:
Graphicsmagick is used to process billions of files at the world's largest photo sites (e.g. Flickr and Etsy).
-http://www.graphicsmagick.org/
(free and open source)

Augmented Reality, m-tourism and travel business: after pokemon Go, a new era?

Enjoying 9% share in worlds GDP, tourism industry seems to burgeon as UNWTO predicts a growth in international tourist arrivals of between 4% and 4.5%. This growing digitization of our world implies that more decisions will be driven by data and online depiction of information rather than preferences.

This has certainly taken the tourism industry to a new level as ubiquitous information makes them comfortable and reduces the hassle. As means of transportation has evolved, so are the mobile tourism app. Mobile app developers are not just making the tourism apps as they have got the answer to What’s next in the tourism industry? And the answer is mobile apps powered with Augmented reality.

Example of Junaio

Junaio was an Augmented Reality browser designed for 3G and 4G mobile devices. It was developed by Munich-based company Metaio GmbH (first release=2009). It provided a Creator application and an API for developers and content providers to generate mobile.The smartphone app, for Android and iPhone platforms, and API were free to use.

Junaio was the first augmented reality browser which had overcome the accuracy limitations of GPS navigation through LLA Markers (latitude, longitude, altitude marker, patent pending).

In May 2015 Metaio and all of the company's products were acquired by Apple. It is clear that this domain and this software are ++. Subsequent to the purchase Junaio web presences were removed. Junaio and all Junaio channels were deactivated on 15 December 2015.

The API was based on "AREL" (Augmented Reality Experience Language) which allows scripting of these channels based on common web technologies such as HTML5, XML and JavaScript.

-------------------

Without Augmented Reality, you can use classic geomatics (web map services) or on you mobile:

• Google_maps
• Apple Maps – Apple's map service was launched in 2012 with iOS 6 to replace the Google Maps application on iOS devices
• Bing Maps – Microsoft's mapping service with road maps and aerial/satellite imagery
• Géoportail – a French rival offering detailed aerial photographs of French territories 
• ViaMichelin
• Seat Pagine Gialle – an Italian competitor offering detailed satellite pictures of Italian territories and navigable street level panoramas similar to Street View
• ---------
• OpenStreetMap – a royalty free, editable map of the world
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenStreetMap
• Mapbox – an online service to build custom maps based on OpenStreetMap
• TransforMap – a collaborative map based on OpenStreetMap to visualise socio-technical transition initiatives.
• -----------

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_web_map_services

The best is still google maps.

If you select a point of interest (POI), you can get some details (from user-generated content).

https://www.google.fr/maps/place/Ch%C3%A2teau+d'Essalois/@45.4623987,4.2431617,16.83z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x5ee9ca88efb208c!8m2!3d45.4621775!4d4.2457974

Another way is to select "near by" on travel website with  user-generated content:

https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attractions

-------------------

One example of a view:

Ref. http://www.enukesoftware.com/blog/augmented-reality-augments-your-travel-business/

Example of technical infrastructure:

Ref: https://github.com/taoito/AR-world-explorer
(an old project (2015) for windows phone).

télécharger sauvegardez une video YouTube

il existe de multiples façon de faire cela mais il semble que
le soft à
http://www.iskysoft.com/free-mac-video-downloader.html#118
soit assez versatile et facile.

iSkysoft Free Video Downloader for Mac (22.3MB à télécharger et 59Mo sur votre disque dur)
lets Mac users quickly and easily download videos from YouTube. It automatically detects the video on YouTube opened in Safari, Chrome or Firefox with a single click. You can save your favorite YouTube videos, even HD YouTube videos, to your Mac instantly.

    Automatic video detection and one-click to download.
    Start downloading as soon as the YouTube video starts to load.
    Built-in video player for the convenient playback of FLV/MP4 videos on Mac.
-----------

a list of the tools and resources in neuroImaging, neurophysics, MEGG, neuroEngineering, neuroImplants

http://www.nitrc.org/top/toplist.php?type=downloads
http://gazzaleylab.ucsf.edu/links.html

iPad3 : les meilleures applications gratuites

Des centaines de milliers d’applications dont une très grande majorité gratuites, l’App Store est une mine d’or. Mais pas toujours facile de s’y retrouver, de faire le tri parmi le bon or et la glaise.

App Shopper permet de faire la lumière sur les applications en promotion ou encore les applications provisoirement gratuites. Une application indispensable aux acheteurs compulsifs qui ne veulent pas laisser passer une bonne affaire sur la boutique d’applications d’Apple.

L’une des applications les plus utilisées "Pages" est vraisemblablement le meilleur éditeur de texte de l’iPad. Mais à 7,99€ il peut paraître "cher" pour ceux qui n’ont besoin d’une telle application que de temps en temps. PlainText est une excellente alternative gratuite à Pages : cet éditeur de texte minimaliste remplit parfaitement son office : écrire de simples documents, créer des dossiers et même pouvoir compter le nombre de caractères écrits. Mais ce qui fait toute la force de PlainText c’est la possibilité de le relier à son compte DropBox, afin de conserver une sauvegarde permanente de ses documents dans le Cloud. Une brillante idée qui se révèle tout à fait efficace.

 L’application Dragon Dictation a déjà fait parler d’elle pour ses performances sur iPhone, la voici désormais adaptée à l’iPad. Celle-ci fonctionne de la même façon : il vous suffit d’activer l’enregistrement et de dicter votre texte pour que celui-ci apparaisse à l’écran. Il peut alors être envoyé sur Facebook ou Twitter, ou encore vers n’importe quelle autre application.

Pas de version iPad pour Instagram ? Phototoaster remplit parfaitement son rôle d’application pour apporter des corrections de base à ses photos : filtres, réglages de luminosité, de la température des couleurs, de l’exposition, de la saturation... Les possibilités sont quasiment infinies et les amateurs du genre seront comblés. Une fois son oeuvre d’art achevée, il est possible de l’enregistrer dans la bibliothèque bien sûr, mais également de la partager via email, Facebook, Tumblr, Twitter, Flickr ou même par SMS (via un système de copier-coller). Il est même possible d’exploiter AirPrint pour directement développer sa photo. On aime particulièrement la fonction aléatoire qui permet d’effectuer des tests, notamment sur les photos les moins réussies.

 Qui ne connaît pas Google Earth ? Le logiciel du géant américain d’Internet débarque sur iPad, pour le plus grand plaisir des fouineurs de toute la planète. Sur l’écran 9,7 pouces de la tablette Apple, retrouver sa maison de vacances devient un jeu d’enfant. Un plan de métro dans la poche c’est pratique, planifier ses trajets depuis son iPad c’est encore mieux. L’application RATP Pure utilise la base de donnée de la société de transports parisiens pour proposer un outil de calcul d’itinéraires. Bus, Tram et bien sûr métros sont pris en compte mais également le réseau ferré pour certaines zones. Trois options sont mises à disposition : Le plus rapide, le moins de correspondance et le moins de marche. Même le réseau nocturne est disponible !

XE Currency est la conversion pour iPad du site du même nom, qui vous propose de convertir des valeurs dans plus de 180 monnaies différentes. L’interface est assez simple d’utilisation, et il est possible d’effectuer plusieurs conversions d’une même valeurs en même temps sur l’écran de l’iPad.

Soundhound est nettement moins connu que l’incontournable Shazzam, pourtant il est son principal concurrent et un adversaire de taille. Soundhound propose la même option musicale que celle qui a rendu son aîné célèbre. Mais il va plus loin en reconnaissant aussi les chansons sifflées ou chantées. Enfin ses nombreuses options permettent non seulement d’écouter ses morceaux mais aussi d’avoir accès à leurs paroles, au clip et à diverses informations sur l’artiste. Une des applications gratuites les plus riches qu’il nous ait été donné d’essayer.

JamPad n’a pas grand-chose à envier à Garage Band. Il s’agit d’une application de simulation musicale intégrant piano, guitare (acoustique ou classique) et batterie. De très nombreuses possibilités sont offertes, par exemple de choisir la rythmique, la gamme d’accords, le type de batterie... Chaque instrument peut être coupé ou ajouté à tout moment. Seul regret de taille : impossible d’enregistrer une partition. Une version payante  (2,39€) existe, avec de très nombreuses possibilités.

Une application de radios. De nombreuses applications sur l’AppStore le proposent, mais Radio.fr se détache du lot. Grâce à son interface parfaitement adaptée à la tablette d’Apple, impossible de manquer une émission, un événement sportif ou un concert à la radio. Parmi les bonnes idées, on note la présente d’un Top 100 des stations les plus écoutées, un système de favoris et même des suggestions pour ceux qui ont créé leur compte. Rien de particulièrement original dans la conception, mais indispensable.

Quel est le plus gros défaut du lecteur de vidéos de l’iPad ? Il ne lit pas tous les formats de vidéos. Heureusement de nombreuses applications remplacent cette fonctionnalité majeure de la tablette. PlayerXtreme est non seulement gratuit mais il possède la qualité de lire quasiment tous les formats de vidéos standards. 3gp, asf, avi, divx, flv, mkv, mov, mp4, mpeg, mpeg1, mpeg2, mpeg4, mpg, wmv... Et il fonctionne à merveille !

 Par défaut l’iPad n’est pas muni d’une application « calculatrice ». Une drôle d’absence que les utilisateurs de la tablette se chargent de compenser par des applications tierces. Dans notre sélection, c’est le très classique Calculator qui fait l’unanimité. Et pour cause, celui-ci reprend le design de l’application qu’Apple fournit par défaut sur l’iPhone. Même univers graphique, mêmes résultats pour une application tout simplement indispensable.

 Les utilisateurs de Mac l’adorent, ceux de l’iPhone ont appris à l’apprécier, c’est donc tout sauf anormal de retrouver Evernote parmi nos applications préférées de l’iPad. A quoi sert Evernote ? A trier, répertorier et même annoter tout le contenu disponible sur le Web. L’application se synchronise ensuite avec son ordinateur (Mac ou PC) pour un accès partagé à toutes les données «bookmarkées». TV Direct Certes, chaque chaîne possède désormais sa propre application dédiée, intégrant le plus souvent un onglet pour regarder ses programmes en direct. Mais pour les accrocs du zapping, ou pour ceux qui ne savent pas encore quoi regarder avant d’allumer le poste, TV Direct remplit en grande partie cette fonction. Bien sûr l’application ne propose pas toutes les chaînes, il manque les 6 premières chaînes et certaines ne fonctionne pas comme ESPN America. Mais pour les autres, le direct est efficace, d’assez bonne qualité et plutôt fluide.

modeling neuron; how to make a simulated model neuron; software, tools free package, open source; Computational Neuroscience : simulation, neuroengineering, neurophysics; modeliser le "neurone"; NEURON, GENESIS, NEUROCAL (Matlab)

Using well-characterized preparations allows simulation of the cable equation and several freely available packages are designed to assist with cable modeling.
Trois logiciels pour la modélisation électrique du "neurone":
-NEURON (http://www.neuron.yale.edu/neuron/)
-GENESIS http://genesis-sim.org/
(old, before 2008: http://www.genesis-sim.org/GENESIS/).
-Neurocal is a simplified package written in MATLAB that is very easy to use and modify.
 http://www.mathworks.ch/matlabcentral/fileexchange/1588-neurocal
 Combining easily modeled, well-documented neurological preparations with simple lab experiments and accurate, easy to use active cable equation simulators is a powerful application of the engineering methodology of simulate, design, fabricate, and test.

1-NEURONThe alpha version directory also contains source code for the alpha versions, which you can download and compile on your own machine. After downloading the nrn-nn.alpha.tar.gz and iv-mm.tar.gz from the alpha version directory, follow the same instructions as for compiling the standard distribution for your operating system
    OS X
    MSWin (95 and up)
    UNIX/Linux 


2-GENESIS
 GENESIS (short for GEneral NEural SImulation System) is a general purpose simulation platform that was developed to support the simulation of neural systems ranging from subcellular components and biochemical reactions to complex models of single neurons, simulations of large networks, and systems-level models. As such, GENESIS, and its version for parallel and networked computers (PGENESIS) was the first broad scale modeling system in computational biology to encourage modelers to develop and share model features and components.
If you would like become a GENESIS developer, please send a request to genesis@genesis-sim.org with the subject "New Developer Request."
The following operating systems are currently supported for developer installations of GENESIS: 

• Debian Server
• Fedora 10
• Fedora 12 and Higher
• Ubuntu (Lenny/Sid)
• Ubuntu (Karmic)
• Ubuntu (Lucid)
• Ubuntu (Maverick)
• Mac OSX

3-Neurocal
Simulation describing the electrophysiological behavior of a biological neuron (nerve cell). Two sets of membrane kinetics are included: Hodgkin-Huxley and Schwarz for unmyelinated and myelinated axons. Straight forward approach makes for easy use, somewhat easier than Neuron and Genesis.Very well layout in plot GUI allows multiple variables to be graphed, a real plus over Neuron. If inproved on would like to see parabolic bursting added non the less an outstanding project for a freebee.

MATLAB ---> multiplatform
--------------------------------------------
Ref:
NEURON
Carnevale, N.T. and M.L. Hines, The Neuron book. 2006, Cambridge, UK; New York:
Cambridge University Press. xix, 457p.
---COinS


---
GENESIS
---
Bower, J.M. and D. Beeman, The book of Genesis: exploring realistic neural models with the
GEneral NEural SImulation System. 1998. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. New York.
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NEUROCAL
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Zeng, L. and M.D. Dominique, Extracellular voltage profile for reversing the recruitment
order of peripheral nerve stimulation: a simulation study. Journal of Neural Engineering,
2004, 4: 202.
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Other  Stand Alone Programs for use in Computational Neuroscience:
http://genesis-sim.org/utilities

Xplot

Electrotonic

The Gencompress Utility

Mesh Generator for Neurons

Postscript

RALLPACKS version 1.1

Spikeplot

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Ref (review):
Basham E, Yang Z, Tchemodanov N, Liu W. Magnetic stimulation of neural tissue: techniques and system design. Implantable Neural Prostheses 1 2009;293–351.
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