Il y a 2 versions: la version de base "grand public" et la version serveur de Mac OS X .
La version serveur est architecturalement identique à la version grand public, mais incorpore des logiciels facilitant la mise en place et l'administration de réseau informatique, de serveur de messagerie électronique, serveur Samba...
In releasing the developer preview of Mac OS X Lion in February 2011, Apple indicated that beginning with Lion, Mac OS X Server would be bundled with the operating system and would not be marketed as a separate product. However, a few months later, the company said it would instead sell the server components as a US$49.99 add-on to Lion, distributed through the Mac App Store (as well as Lion itself). The combined cost of an upgrade to Lion and the purchase of the Lion Server components, approximately US$80, will nonetheless be significantly lower than the retail cost of Snow Leopard Server (Mac OS X Serveur 10 clients 499$, Mac OS X Serveur illimité 999$).
Add OS X Server to Mountain Lion from the Mac App Store when it’s available in July for just $19.99.
http://www.apple.com/osx/server/
Il y a aussi les versions d'OS X "adaptées" présentes sur les iPhone, iPad et iPod Touch.
Mac OS X a été programmé de façon à pouvoir être facilement adapté à une autre architecture processeur. C'est l'ordre que Steve Jobs avoue le 6 juin 2005 lors de la WWDC 2005 (en fait dès le début de la conception de Mac OS X avec son célèbre « Just in case … »)...
Son noyau Open Source XNU est un noyau hybride basé sur le micro-noyau Mach et une version d'UNIX issue de BSD 4.4 lui assurant la compatibilité POSIX. Au-dessus de cet ensemble, Apple a greffé d'autres technologies stratégiques (dont certaines sont héritées du défunt excellent système NeXTSTEP, http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXTSTEP).
Ainsi avec macOSX vous avez 2 systèmes UNIX et "UNIX-MAC". Pour utiliser le système unix de manière convenable, il y a 3 projets (en plus de X11 et des outils Apple):
Ce sont des portages simples des applications Linux ou UNIX, tels que Fink (orienté Debian GNU/Linux) ou MacPorts (ex Darwinports, orienté *BSD) ou le projet Darwine (portage du projet Wine, pour UNIX avec architecture x86).
--OS X v10.8 nom de code Mountain Lion, est la neuvième version majeure du système OSX
Mountain Lion supporte la plupart des configurations que Lion (10.7) supporte :
- CPU x86-64 (processeur Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core i3, Intel Core i5, Intel Core i7, ou Xeon).
- Un système basé sur le firmware EFI64
- Au moins 2 Go de mémoire RAM.
- Au moins 8 Go d’espace sur le disque dur
- Rem: Mac OS X Mountain Lion ne supporte plus les cartes graphiques Intel GMA950/X3100 (celles utilisées avant les MacBook fin 2008).
- Meilleure intégration d'iCloud, qui inclut de nouvelles fonctionnalités à travers iWork. Ces nouvelles applications profiteront d'une nouvelle interface utilisateur. Synchronisation automatique des documents sur iWork avec la fonction Documents dans le nuage. Deeper integration of iCloud, which includes new Open and Save dialog boxes across built-in applications, iWork and third-party applications via an API. Applications that make use of this API support a new user interface to view and manage documents in the cloud that are specific to the application being used. iCloud is how a Mac, iPad, iPhone, and iPod touch work together. It keeps your mail, calendars, contacts, reminders, documents, notes, and more up to date wherever you use them. So when you add, delete, or change something on your Mac, it also happens on your iPad, iPhone, and iPod touch. And vice versa. You don’t have to do anything at all — iCloud is automatic and effortless. Just sign in once with your Apple ID and iCloud is set up in all the apps that use it. Suddenly, life’s easier to juggle.
- Messages – a multi-protocol instant messaging and texting client (replacing iChat); supports the iMessage service. .. Messages — Un service de messagerie instantanée (remplaçant iChat), supportant le service iMessage.
- Rappels — Une application de rappels, aussi disponible sur iOS, maintenant séparée de l'applicationCalendrier.
- Notes — Précédemment dans Mail sur Mac OS, les notes ont droit à une nouvelle application, qui supporte les notes ajoutées sur iCloud.
- Feuilles de partage — Un bouton « Partager » ainsi qu'une boîte de dialogue dans Safari ainsi que dans d'autres applications.
- AirPlay en miroir — Diffusion sans fil du bureau OS X à l'Apple TV via AirPlay. High definition: AirPlay Mirroring sends a video stream automatically optimized for the HD capabilities of your Mac and Apple TV. It supports up to 1080p HD. Automatic detection: When a Mac with Mountain Lion detects an Apple TV on the same network, the AirPlay Mirroring menu item appears in the menu bar. Audio support: With AirPlay Mirroring, audio from your Mac is wirelessly sent to your Apple TV. You can use this feature independent of AirPlay Mirroring by selecting your Apple TV in the Sound pane of System Preferences.
- Gatekeeper— Un logiciel anti-espion basé sur les signatures digitales ainsi que le Mac App Store.
- Intégration de Twitter. Facebook integration with an update in Fall 2012.
- Centre de notifications — Une version similaire à celle dans iOS 5.0 ou plus récent. Les avertissements seront désormais concentrés dans le coin de l'écran, et le centre de notification lui-même est disponible.
- Power Nap feature allows MacBook Air (Late 2010 or later) and MacBook Pro with Retina Display to periodically make Time Machine backups, synchronize with iCloud, and retrieve email and software updates while sleeping
- System wide Dictation: Dictation supports English (U.S., UK, and Australia), French, German, and Japanese. No setup or special training is required. Dictation just works. The more you use it, the better it understands you. Dictation learns the characteristics of your voice and adapts to your accent.
- Time Machine is able to do rotating backups on more than one storage medium. Backup to multiple locations: Time Machine allows you to choose multiple backup locations and seamlessly switch between them. Now you can have a backup of your data at work and at home.
- New braille display support Mountain Lion supports 14 new braille displays.
- High-performance H.264 encoding: when you select a standard HD export setting, QuickTime Player takes advantage of hardware video encoding for optimal performance.
Dropped features
- RSS support in Mail and Safari has been removed
- Software Update – has been unified into the Mac App Store
- X11 ?
X11 Install on demand
X11 on Mountain Lion now uses install on demand. When you first launch an app that requires X11 libraries, you are directed to a download location for the most up-to-date version of X11 for Mac. X11.app – users are directed to the open source XQuartz project instead
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuartz
XQuartz (commonly referred to as X11.app) is Apple Inc.'s version of the X server, a component of the X Window System, for Mac OS X. The source code for X11 is available from Apple. Some source code is available under the Apple Public Source License while the bulk is licensed under the MIT License.
http://www.macrumors.com/2012/02/17/apple-removes-x11-in-os-x-mountain-lion-shifts-support-to-open-source-xquartz/
As noticed by several users running the developer preview version of OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion, Apple is no longer including its X11 application for running software through the X Window System interface. A popular option for scientists and others seeking to run specialized UNIX software both on local machines and across networks, X11 has been available on OS X for a number of years and has been included as a default install since Mac OS X Leopard.
With Mountain Lion, Apple seems to eliminating its dedicated support for the X11 application, instead redirecting users to the open source XQuartz project, which it will continue to support.
Actually versions of XQuartz that work with Mountain Lion were released well in advance of Mountain Lion. You just need to be using the rc versions of XQuartz. 2.7.1_rc4 works great with it.
For example: Matlab works with XQuartz...
Now, clearly there's been a shift in responsibility here. The OS X team no longer take responsibility for integrating Xquartz (branded 'X11') into OS X major releases.
---------------Modèles OK pour le OSX 10.8:
iMac (Mid 2007 or newer)
MacBook (Late 2008 Aluminum, or Early 2009 or newer)
MacBook Pro (Mid/Late 2007 or newer)
MacBook Air (Late 2008 or newer)
Mac mini (Early 2009 or newer)
Mac Pro (Early 2008 or newer)
2007- 2013 : soit 7 ans de durée de vie d'une machine capable de bénéficier des services soft de 2012-2013...
---------------What’s Included in OS X Server
Applications
- Server app
- Xsan Admin
Services
- AFP http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Filing_Protocol; offers file services. In Mac OS X, AFP is one of several file services supported including Server Message Block (SMB), Network File System (NFS), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and WebDAV. AFP currently supports Unicode file names.
- Calendar Server
- Contacts Server
- DNS
- Firewall
- FTP
- HTTP
- Mail Server
- Messages Server
- NetBoot, NetInstall, NetRestore
- NFS
- Open Directory
- Profile Manager
- RADIUS (RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) est un protocole client-serveur permettant de centraliser des données d'authentification))
- SMB (Le protocole SMB (Server Message Block2) est un protocole permettant le partage de ressources (fichiers et imprimantes) sur des réseaux locaux avec des PC sous Windows)
- Software Update Server
- VPN
- WebDAV
- Wiki Server
- Xsan
Ref:
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_X
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_X_Server
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_X_Mountain_Lion
http://www.apple.com/osx/
http://www.apple.com/osx/whats-new/features.html
------------------------------comparaison
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_synoptique_des_syst%C3%A8mes_d%27exploitation
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